Matmata, an area of nomadic tribes till about 1967 when people discovered the underground home of these people. No written history of the town. Only folk tales that go back to Roman times.

In pre-colonial, times Medenine was  the most important trading centre in the Tunisian south. The Ksar (term for Berber fortified town) housed the central granaries of the various nomadic Berber tribes of the region.This area was the scene of an unsuccessful German counter-attack by General Erwin Rommel as part of Operation Capri during March 1943 against British Eighth Army forces. The Battle of Medenine was Rommel's last engagement in Africa before he was replaced.

Sfax(Safaqis), founded in Ad 849 by Berbers. An modern industrial center for processing phosphates.

Heavily damaged in WW 2.